Archive for March, 2008

The following forms part of the book I am co-authoring with Silvia Cambie on New Trends in International Public Relations. This follows on from the sections on the Commercialization of the Web and Computers Get Personal, which I have also posted on this blog.

The text is a verbatim section from the book and the links are set out at the bottom of this post as footnotes rather than embedded links. The text is copyrighted and all rights are reserved.

Connection speed is the other significant factor in the online revolution. Connecting to the internet from the mid-1990s to around 2003 was generally via a dial-up modem and a telephone line. Connection speed was slow and the cost meant that most people used it for email primarily and only surfed during off-peak periods. For the average user, sustained video and audio interaction was practically impossible.

And then along came broadband.

The broadband story is similar across the globe, with the amount of take-up by consumers being directly linked to availability and cost. In 2002, broadband connection in the UK promising 40 times the connection speed of regular dial-up cost £55 a month, plus an additional set up fee and the cost of a broadband modem. By 2007, it was down to around £18 a month and became available nationally. By 2005, broadband connections outstripped dial-up and by 2007, 60% of UK households had broadband[i].

Across the European Union. 25% of all households were connected to the internet via broadband by 2006[ii]. In Asia (excluding Japan), a survey of internet usage in 2006 revealed that “broadband access continues to have a major impact on consumers lives” with the highest broadband usage being in Korea, closely followed by Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Th iland and China[iii].

In 2007, Hong Kong came top in a survey of the best cities in Asia for getting a broadband connection due to robust competition and web-enabled mobile phones[iv]. In India, the home broadband market is growing while internet café access is slowing, with 23 million home users accessing the internet via broadband during 2007[v]. In South Africa, business leaders and communicators there have indicated to us that the lack of cheap, universal broadband is a factor in the slow growth of online engagement.

When considering your web strategy across borders, it is crucial to assess the range and cost of internet connectivity not just for businesses but for personal users. But there are also other factors which are likely to be relevant, such as language and literacy. Take India, for example. We think of it as a country where English is universally spoken. It is often referred to as the Silicon Valley of the East, especially with tech-savvy, internationally well-known entrepreneurs like Sabeer Bhatia[vi] returning home to develop internet-based businesses over there. As we mentioned, growing personal affluence is enabling 23 million Indians to purchase computers for the home. But dig a little deeper and there are other factors in play that will be relevant for your communications strategy there. There are still just over 18 million internet café users, indicating that cost remains an issue. Also, for every Sabeer Bhatia, out of India’s of over 1 billion people, only 52 % are literate. And for those who can read, there is little online content available in India’s many local languages[vii].

It may be that you are only aiming to reach the population who can read and write English in their own homes, as they will be the most affluent and attractive target demographic. If so, then your web strategy may not look all that different from one for any other affluent, literate, English speaking market. But if you are aiming to reach those beyond that group, you may need to think beyond English or even text-based content – and perhaps beyond online communications to mobile outreach or you may have to stick to good old-fashioned travelling roadshows[viii].

In general across the globe, however, cheap, universal broadband has been a significant factor in evolving our relationship with the internet from the specialised domain of geeks to an always open window in our households that lets us reach out to the world out there. As we will see, in particular, there is a close correlation between the growth of broadband in the Asia-Pacific and the rise of social media engagement in that region, with a number of countries such as South Korea, China, Singapore and Malaysia topping the charts of worldwide blog readers and blog creators[ix].

Photo: thanks to Edward B. from flickr.com (CCL)

Following my post about the Commercialization of the Web, which forms part of the book I am co-authoring with Silvia Cambie on New Trends in International Public Relations, here is the section from the book that outlines the rise of the personal computer.

The text is a verbatim section from the book and the links are set out at the bottom of this post as footnotes rather than embedded links. The text is copyrighted and all rights are reserved.

Computers Get Personal

The evolution of technology is a mega-trend today that no business can ignore. A brief tour of the evolution of computers illustrates the importance of keeping your eye on technological developments.

In 1948, IBM´s Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator, which was to calculate the position of the moon for the 1969 Apollo mission to the moon, took up floor space of 25 feet by 40 feet. In 1951, the computer for the US Census Bureau was one of the early commercial computers and it took up 943 cubic feet, selling at US $1million each plus US $185,000 for a high speed printer. By 1968, the cost of a computer was down to US $8,000 with Data General Corp’s Nova which was the size of small writing bureau.[i]

In 1975, the MITS Altair 8800 could be bought by computer hobbyists from Popular Electronics magazine for US $395 as a kit or US $495 pre-assembled[ii]. The next year, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs created Apple 1, which sold at just over US $600[iii]. In 1981, Radio Shack’s TRS-82 Model III retailed for US $699. By now, computers were housed in boxes that could be used on a normal office desk and had the shape and set up that we are familiar with today. There is a screen and keyboard and a joystick for navigation. Software came via cassette tape, which was beginning to be replaced by the floppy drive. The data appeared as text or figures and there were no graphics. While available for consumer purchase, it was still the math and science geeks who were the main market demographic for these personal computers.

In 1984, the first Apple Macintosh appeared, with a graphical interface – ie the data could be accessed by activating icons on the screen and navigation was by way of a device called a “mouse”[iv]. At around the same time, Microsoft released the first version of Windows, its own graphical interface sitting on top of MS-DOS, the text-based version of Microsoft software used by most computer manufacturing companies at that time, including IBM and Compaq[v].

By the mid-1990s, you were also getting more bang for your buck when it came to computer processing chips with Intel unveiling its Pentium chip at under US $1,000[vi]. While business and industry had been using computers for decades, plummeting costs, greater processing power and increased ease of use meant that for the first time, it made sense for the public to buy a computer for personal use. People were becoming used to computers from their work environment. It was a natural transition to getting a computer for home use. PCs, as personal computers soon came to be called, were also fun – computer games loaded by CD-ROM became a serious contender to TV-based consoles in 1994[vii]. With PCs arriving in many homes bundled with Internet Explorer for access to the internet, Outlook Express for email and a host of other useful (eg Calendar, Paint and CD-ROMs packed with dictionaries and encyclopedias) and not-so-useful applications (eg Minesweeper and Solitaire games), our personal relationship with our home computers as a source of productivity, fun, information and communication truly began.

In 1995, there were 50 million personal computers sold globally.[viii] By 2000, computer sales in China alone were growing faster than any market in the world, with 4.1 million PCs bought in that one country during the second quarter[ix]. Now in the first decade of the 21^st century, there are over 257 million personal computers sold worldwide[x] and sales are likely to increase over the next few years, in particular of laptops and other mobile computing equipment as affordability, performance and wireless access improve. Gartner, the IT consultants, calculate that emerging markets made up 70% of the growth in overall computer sales and projected that laptop sales during 2008 would grow by 11%. They are confident that a looming global recession would not slow sales[xi]. Experts elsewhere in the industry also seem to agree that mobile computing will bring the next wave of growth for the sector. Loren Loverde, the Director of data firm IDC’s PC Tracker, says, “It will be increasingly important for PC vendors to have a strong portable offering to stay competitive as the market continues its rapid shift to mobile computing.”[xii]

It took 30 years for computers to evolve from military and government use via business and industry to become affordable for a limited geek market, with prices dropping from US $1,000,000 to stabilise around US $700. But from the 1970s onwards, major developments in processing power, size and ease of use surged ahead in leaps and bounds. And with each technological leap and bound, we adapted the way we communicate, relate and work. Even as some businesses are only now thinking about getting their first website (and there are quite a few of those still around), the market is already surging ahead towards online social media and mobile communications. For anyone engaged in business nowadays, it is critical to keep one eye on the latest technological and communications advances if you don’t want to be left behind.

I’m pleased to report that my article about Blogging for the Finance Sector is being included as a chapter in The Handbook of Internal Communication, edited by Marc Wright of simply-communicate.com, which will be published by Gower on 6 June 2008.

The article is a case study of THFC Space, the online discussion space which I created and currently edit in my day job at The Housing Finance Corporation. The site uses blogging software (Wordpress) and is members only space for senior housing finance professionals to discuss finance related issues relevant to the social housing sector. Wordpress is well-suited to being styled and designed as an online magazine with the opportunity for reader comments while allowing multi-media items to be uploaded easily.

Do check out the article and if you know of any other finance related blogs, please add a comment here with a link.

I didn’t manage to post anything earlier this week because I was struck down by a bout of mini-flu. It wasn’t as bad and debilitating as the virus that had me knocked out for a couple of weeks in November but it was enough to confine me to my sick bed for a couple of days.

I’m not very good at being ill. I get frustrated and fed up and bored. When I’m sleeping it’s fine, of course, cos then I don’t notice a thing - and sleep is the best thing for you when you’re ill. But it’s those times in between when you’ve slept too much but you’re still not well enough to walk around or do anything useful.

Back in the old days (5 years ago?), I would have been languishing in front of the telly, turning my brain to mush with day time TV. But these days, it’s podcasts that help me make it through the dreaded influenza. If you choose the good ones, you can be educated, entertained and amused - all without leaving your bed.

Here are just a handful of the podcasts that have kept me sane during the last few days:

The Spirit of Things - Australian radio’s spiritual discussion podcast, whose presenter Rachel Kohn has the most sooting voice I’ve ever heard.

This American Life - an award winning US series that takes a literary look at true stories about ordinary people. Their episode about Testosterone had me laughing out loud - especially, the story about the woman who took a double dose of the hormone and began to lust after sports cars and to understand physics as well as what happened when the radio station team had themselves tested to see who had the most testosterone.

The Politics of Culture - another intelligent and in-depth US program looking at “the intersection where the world of politics and culture meet and sometimes collide”. I really enjoyed the interview with the author of the book “Starbucked” - did you know that Starbucks in the US deliberately built stores on the right hand side of the road as you commute from the suburbs to the city to make it easier for commuters to stop and buy a coffee?

The BBC World Service also has many great documentary podcasts but they are generally very earnest and keen to tell you all the troubles of the world. So, when I am feeling fragile, it’s not the best time to listen to documentaries that begin “I was nine years old when the soldiers came to the village and killed everyone…” or “Every year, 10,000 women die of [insert terrible disease]….” - or anything that refers to “Iraq”, “Jihad”, “Israel”, “political prisoners”, “genocide”, “famine”, “war” etc etc etc! That sort of thing would just make me even iller!

What are your favourite podcasts? Do you listen to different types of podcasts for different activities? Please add a comment and let me know.

We met up with some friends recently whom we had not seen for almost 18 months even though they live in London. That’s part of the London thing - everyone is so busy that it’s difficult to make time to meet up and before you know it, several months - and even years - have passed. For this meet-up, we had to put it in our diaries almost 4 months in advance as it was a matter of co-ordinating 4 diaries and different work patterns and commitments.

We were all so delighted when we finally did meet for a meal last week at Carluccio’s. We talked non-stop, catching up on what we’d all been doing and letting the conversation flow whichever way it fancied - writing, literature, social media, karate, running, health, throwing out old clothes… At the end of the evening, we promised not to leave it so long next time and planned to meet again before too long. I really hope that we will stick to our good intentions as I really enjoy the company of these friends.

I’ve been blogging about “friends” for a couple of weeks now, especially in the context of Facebook and meeting up with these real friends made me think about how my friendships in recent years have evolved since the arrival of social media into my life.

One of the reasons we had not been much in contact with these friends we met at Carluccio’s was that they are not very wired - we’ve exchanged a few emails over time but mainly to do with arranging when we next meet. One of them does not have a working email address. They are both too busy to spend much time online.

In contrast, Angie and I both love emailing, Skype, instant messaging, reading and writing blogs and do spend some time of Facebook even though we’re not great fans of it. Consequently, we have tended to keep up with those friends who are easy to connect with in these digital spaces. More than that, these digital connections have strengthened many relationships which might not have otherwise thrived. I’ve got to know my cousin who lives in Bath so much better in the last two years than in the 40+ years that we’ve been cousins - she and her husband are the most wired couple we know and as a result of Twittering, blogging and Skyping, we come across each other’s daily inconsequentials. Because of her tweets, I know when she takes the kids to the pool and what she’s making for dinner: not the most exciting news but it’s the kind of thing that if she were in my neighbourhood, we might natter about over the garden fence. It’s the small things that can nurture long friendships as much as the deep conversations about life, the universe and everything.

With my non-wired friends, I make a conscious effort to phone them, especially those who live in the Midlands or Yorkshire or Wales or elsewhere far from London, and it’s great to have a long chat over the phone. But it takes a lot of conscious effort - it has to be in the evening after work but not during dinner time and also not too late (I’ve never been sure when “too late” is - 10pm and after?). You also have to hope that you are both on good form so you can have a good conversation - long silences and flat exchanges over the phone are just too awkward. And then after you’ve psyched yourself up for all this, you get the answermachine and you have to leave a message and then it’s up to them to call you back and hopefully, they won’t get your answermachine - and so the game of telephone tag goes on until you both are home at the same time. Whew, exhausting!

Or worse. They don’t call you back. Uh-oh. Does that mean they are snubbing you? They are too busy to call back? They meant to but they’ve forgotten? They are in the throes of a crisis and it’s not the right time for a chat? Or you left your message on someone else’s answermachine - after all it was that electronic lady’s voice on the voicemail and not your friend’s voice…? Do you call again? How many times should you call again before you become a friendship stalker?

You see, it’s all too fraught, this old-fashioned telephone thing, lovely though it is when we do manage to speak. I’d love to persuade these dear but unwired friends into the world of online connection but could I? What will bring them round to the digital way of doing things? Should I even try?

Photo: thanks to Rev Dan Catt from flickr.com (CCL)

We all learnt about the South Sea Bubble at school and not long ago, we’ve had the tech stocks bubble. This is video is a cynical take on all the excitement about social media.

What I find fun is that I’ve blogged about a number of the people and applications on Fusion View and ZenGuide. I’ve also visited my cousin when they were in Palo Alto for a time, the heart of Silicon Valley and seen the kinds of houses mentioned in the video.